BB is correct; it's a one way signal to any phone in range. Which is why my UK sim card in Germany won't get the test; they don't care about the number as they're working at a lower level in the protocol stack.
Governments generally don't want to track you anyway; they find it easier to let the googles and facebooks and tiktoks and whatevers do the job for them and then grab the data. If you don't need the location services, turn 'em off. The phone system has to know where you are to the nearest cell tower so it can send a call to you, or data, but it doesn't need exact location, only signal strength.
How do you feel about eCall?
https://www.autoexpress.co.uk/car-t...ated-emergency-call-technology-explainedThere is a system which I'm sure they swear blind will never be used to track you or auto report if you went through a 20 zone at 21, or a motorway at a ton...